26e. Allied Invasion of Sicily and Italy; The East Front


				26. Defeating the Axis in Africa and Europe 26d. Allied Invasion of Sicily and Italy; Kursk - Reversing the Tide on the East Front



	26a. Stopping the Axis in Africa \| 26b. The Americans Arrive - The Allies Push the Axis out of North Africa \| 26c. Stalingrad - Stopping the Axis on the East Front \| 26d. Allied Invasion of Sicily and Italy; Kursk - Reversing the Tide on the East Front \| 26e. Air Power \| 26f. The British and the Resistance \| 26g. D-Day, 6 June 1944 \| 26h. End of the Third Reich \| 26i. Germany Post-War


		*Continued from previous page, # 3. Stalingrad* Best viewed on Internet Explorer 7. This site was prepared in Internet Explorer 7 and thus best viewed in that programme. Note that this site, viewed in other programmes, such as Google, will present a slightly different text, often with errors, not intended by the editor.



		Sardinia *Air Force Intelligence* US Air Force film about aerial reconnaissance over Sardinia, an Italian base used by the Germans https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Td2AbVNgfnQ ------------------ Allied Invasion of Sicily 9 July 1943 Map above shows Allied invasion of western Africa and Europe in the west, from Operation Torch in November 1942 to VE-Day in May 1945. The three plans to invade Sicily, called Operation Husky: The first plan, proposed at the Casablanca Conference in January 1943; the second plan; and the final plan. Map above shows final Allied plan for the invasion of Sicily: the British to attack by the southeast, the Americans the southwest. Map shows U. S. and British landings and advances through Sicily in July and August 1943. Map shows landings and advances of the invading Allied ground forces, under overall command of British General Harold Alexander, by the U. S. 7th Army, led by Lt. Gen. Patton, and the British 8th Army, led by Gen. Montgomery. Allied forces reached Messina in August and in a position to invade the Italian peninsula (mainland). *News Parade* Castle Films https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKcX9Eq4FME The Invasion of Sicily! United News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqjfF1MhYtc The Invasion of Sicily First Pictures British Pathé https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Sn2ziGvWiI *Italian Slump* Movietone newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixfcOzwwCZI Allies Invade Sicily July 9, 1943 Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xo6obLzIKFg Sicily Canadian Army Newsreel 10 July 1943 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwefsX4jCzk Forging Ahead in Sicily British Pathé Gazette https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmgXJ1kp4fo *Campaign in Sicily* 1948 US Army documentary film short https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlPdn5Xcx4E&feature=related or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKlcTxDDl8E or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlPdn5Xcx4E **Sicily - Operation Husky** Episode 08 of 23 of the 1948 TV series Crusade in Europe based on the WW2 memoir of General Dwight Eisenhower Removed from You Tube *Sicily* *Episode from the Lost Evidence* documentary series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y37ssezS9cA or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeeMBlC8RIk Patton 360: Sicily - Baptism of Blood George Patton and the Invasion of Sicily History Channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD97EcvPcRw Brief Introduction to the Allied landings in Sicily Upload by a veteran of the campaign https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4Kih0cDefE Germans retreat from Sicily September 1943** German newsreel Die Deutche Wochenschau https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIfdVOfTXDU Sicily News Late Extra British Pathé Gazette https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uP2i5K9XoG4 Sicily - Near the End British Pathé https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgAyQuOvM-E --------------- Operation Mincemeat A curious story about British efforts to mislead the Germans about Allied plans to invade Europe through Sicily in 1943. The Allies were expected in Sicily. The plan was to make the Germans believe the Allies were to attack in Greece and move their troops from Sicily to Greece. *The Man Who Never Was* 1956 movie advertisement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXyFkINMcI8 The Man Who Never Was https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XX7Jy0FX278 Operation Mincemeat Uploaded on You Tube as Operation Mincemeat - WWII deception prior to invading Italy (by Ian Fleming) British spies in England dressed a dead man as a Royal Marine, planted false documents on him and dumped his body in the sea off the coast of Spain. The false documents described Allied plans to invade Europe through Greece. The Germans - and everyone else - expected the Allies to invade Europe through Sicily. But if the Germans believed the false documents they would move their troops from Sicily to Greece, leaving Sicily undefended when the Allies invaded it. Who was the dead man? According to this documentary, he was a down-and-out Welshman who committed suicide in London. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bh2e6sE6YXA The Man Who Hoodwinked Hitler BBC documentary claims the dead man was actually a British sailor who drowned when his ship was accidentally torpedoed by a British submarine off the coast of southwest Scotland. Removed from You Tube *La Cosa Nostra* The S. S. Normandie, French ocean passnger liner, was seized in New York by the Americans when France fell to the Germans in 1940. While the Americans were converting the ship into a troop carrier in 1942, it was destroyed by fire in New York Harbor. German sabotage was suspected. The Mafia controlled the harbor through the Longshoresman labor union in the harbor. The U. S. government made a deal with Salvatore Lucania (Charles "Lucky" Luciano) (1897 - 1962), Mafia boss in jail in New York, to prevent more sabotage. Mussolini had imprisoned most of the Mafia noses in Sicily. In the deal with Luciano, American soldiers freed Sicilian mafiosi imprisoned by Mussolini when they invaded Sicily in exchange for Mafia support in taking the island from the Italians. Luciano was deported to his native Sicily after the war. Mafiosi later claimed they sabotaged the ship to force the U. S. government to release Luciano from jail. Allied to the Mafia Documentary (5 clips) uploaded as *Sicilian Mafia and the Allied Invasion* Benito Mussolini locked up the leaders of the Sicilian mafia; the Americans released them in exchange for their assistance in occupying Sicily 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euAvuTdu73E&feature=relmfu 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP8K6fGiDBE&feature=relmfu 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJZ-vX7fuNo&feature=relmfu 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muU8j1vOaUE&feature=relmfu 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqn3Tw_m_G4&feature=relmfu Salvatore Lucania (Charles Luciano) ("Lucky") (1897 - 1962) Salvatore ("Lucky") Luciano Documentary from the Biography series The Americans made a deal with mafia kingpin Salvatore Lucania ("Lucky Luciano") to release him from jail in the U. S. if he got the Mafia in Sicily to help American soldiers occupy Sicily. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fp1e5JY0q3o Lucky Luciano - Le Patron de la Mafia When an American troop carrier was sunk in New York Harbor in Feb. 1942, the U. S. government made a deal with Mafia kingpin Lucky Luciano to release him from jail if the Mafia, which controlled the labor union in the ports, prevented sabotage. Years later, Luciano recounted that the troop ship was sabotaged by the mafia to get him out of jail. The US government made a deal with Luciano also to secure the cooperation of the Mafia in Sicily if the Americans released Mafiosi from prison in Sicily when the Allies invaded Sicily. Les Grandes Affaires Criminelles # 19 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMHhrD5ZBNQ The Mafia Connection Episode from the documentary series Secret War Recounts that Luciano helped the U. S. prevent sabotage in NYC Harbor and take Sicily from the Italians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdnpJh3WhC4 American Mafia - The Notorious Crime Syndicate Documentary with Bill Kurtis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2Ejl6eRw1M *Lucky Luciano* 1972 Hollywood movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5hpBR2ygRs or 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSRpS3wYApk 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-oyvliCJZg 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXRKCbWE400 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA41jTi-Jmg 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DTcFDGBVZM 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=324tz-gvi2w 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzWzOr33B-c 8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oz5wk354ejc Lucky Luciano joue et gagne *Alain Decaux raconte* le 6 mai 1971 (31:20) https://m.ina.fr/video/CPF86600831/lucky-luciano-joue-et-gagne-video.html *The Great Landings/The Noose* (1942 - 1943) Episode 5 of the French series APOCALYPSE - The Second World War (in English) First Failures of the Axis, Battle of Stalingrad El Alamein, Operation Torch (Americans land in North Africa), Tunisia (Allies corner Axis) Battle of Kursk Allied Invasion of Italy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwbHjGM7ZLA&feature=relmfu or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejc9H2QLhS4&feature=relmfu (American narrator, with captions) or in French https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O760w5Hf-88 Behind Closed Doors Episode 3 of BBC 2008 documentary series https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5eaew2 ------------- Mussolini ousted Rome 29 July 1943 Less than a fortnight after the Allied invasion of Sicily, Mussolini was ousted from government. New York Times, July 26, 1943 Tunis Telegraph, 26 July 1943 On 24 July 1943, the Grand Council of Fascism, which could determine the fate of the king and prime minister, convened for the first time since 1939. On the following day a vote of no confidence in Mussolini passed 19 - 8 - 1. Mussolini's son-in-law, Count Ciano, voted no confidence. Mussolini had been prime minister for 21 years - since 1922. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1867 - 1947), left, with Marshal Pietro Badoglio (1871 - 1956) in 1943. On the same day, King Victor Emmanuel III asked Marshal Badoglio to replace Mussolini as prime minister. On 26 July, the king met Mussolini to inform him and ordered his arrest and imprisonment. Mussolini was imprisoned in various places - the last a ski resort in the Apennine Mountains. Mussolini's was kept under house arrest in a ski resort, the Campo Imperatore Hotel, in the Gran Sasso Massif in the Apennine Mountains in central Italy. - Mussolini: The End Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cq2PUHGj3a8 *Milan Gets it Again* Pathe newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3hENPoPugM ------------------ East Front Battle of Kursk July - August 1943 Reversing the Tide - **Pushing Back the Germans German offensive** Operation Citadel Battle of Prokhorovka 5 July 1943 – 16 July 1943 North 5 - 12 July South 12 - 17 July Soviet counter-offensive Operation Kutuzov (north) Operation Rumyantsev (south) 12 July 1943 - 23 August 1943 The German offensive, called Operation Citadel, was an attempt to pinch the Soviets at the eastern ends of their northern and southern flanks, isolate them and force them to surrender. The Germans attacked the Soviets from the north and south on 5 July. The Soviets held and stopped the German advance in the north by 10 July. *- The Allies invaded Sicily on 10 July.* In the south of the salient the Germans drove north. The Germans and the Soviets fought a big battle at Prokhorovka on 11 July. The Soviets checked the German advance. The Soviets counter-attacked in the north, with Operation Kutuzov, on 12 July. To withdraw troops from the East Front to confront the Western Allies in Italy, the Germans called off the offensive in the north of the salient. The German offensive in the south continued on 14 July but was called off on 17 July. The Germans withdrew forces to send to Italy. The remaining forces went on the defensive. The Soviets pressed their offensive. Kursk was the last big offensive by the Germans on the East Front. German Tiger I tank *The Battle of Kursk* *Episode from the Battlefield* series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22xpNBJCS4U or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV9z9akjAxY Soviet T-34 tank Battle of Kursk** Episode from the documentary series Generals at War Von Manstein vs Zhukov https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5TZ40yRZyY or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HP-RcOkNto8 German Panzer IV tank The World’s Greatest Tank Battle Episode 7 of the 1977 documentary series The Unknown War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PI8P_q1g9KY German Panzer III tank The Battle of Kursk Episode 9 of 18 of the documentary series Soviet Storm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgo3p1IqVy0 The German Ferdinand ("Elephant") *The Battle of Kursk* Episode from the documentary series The Eastern Front https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u09de1AgnQg or *The Battle of Kursk* Documentary Part 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlMgyXksosg Part 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wnqHRbBhi4 *The Battle of Kursk* Lecture by David Glantz - Operation Kutuzov - Operation Suvarov Uploaded in 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1_JyTFbgcs *Stalingrad to Kursk* Episode from the documentary series Campaigns of War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kJE-6HeLZE *The Battle of Kursk* Episode from Greatest Tank Battles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXSh0JFwDq0 *Kursk* Episode from the documentary series *Hell's Battlefield* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yewg8s5y32I *Kursk* *The Epic Armored Engagement* Two Lectures and Q & A 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6xLMUifbxQ *La bataille de Koursk* Documentaire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHeBfSZDUVc *Die Deutsche Wochenshau* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8IvQTu7j54 *Кутузов/Kutuzov* 1943 Soviet film about Napoleon's campaign in Russia 1812 (1:42:40) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gjrpi2KeZcU With English sub-titles (1:43:35): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRQzmo0w2WY --------------------- What really happened in Kursk in summer 1943? Why was Operation Citadel canceled after eight days? Should the Germans have cancelled this offensive before its start? The real reasons why Operation Citadel was canceled. The battles on the southern and central front before August 1943. War Academy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isCcI62urK4 Battle of Kursk A Decisive Defeat or Germany's Lost Victory? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdtJgjsOnLY ------------------ PLOESTI Operation Tidal Wave AIR SIEGE 15th Air Force documentary Narrated by Ronald Reagan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LT1TYB5-u8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MnVztevu8s The Ploesti Raid Lecture by pilot Robert Sternfels https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6tkTqUmi9I Official training film USAAF Planning the Ploesti Riad 178 US Liberator bombers of the North Africa-based Ninth USAAF five groups of B-24 Liberators - three of them borrowed from the Eighth Air Force in Britain Part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCbwzdTE1Zw Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubcLECH6InY Part 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4efLRHY4is Part 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1jPPE5ftCY Animation description of the Ploesti Raid over a nap https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rWX6-PaEYk 1. Newsreel 2. Walter Cronkite https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0f47_6ciR_g ---------------- Allied plans to invade Sardinia and Corsica were dropped. Allied Invasion of the Italian Peninsula 3 September 1943 Map shows the Allied invasion of Italy from Sicily and Tunisia in September 1943. Italy surrenders September 3, 1943 Cassibile, Sicily Italian General Giuseppe Castellano, representing Italy, signs an armistice in Cassibile, Sicily, at 6:30 p. m. on 3 September 3, 1943. On the right is General Walter Bedell Smith, representing Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean. Publicised on September 8, 1943 *Front page of the Elmira Star-Gazette* on 8 September 1943. (Elmira, New York.) The armistice was announced on 8 September by Eisenhower over the radio in Algiers at 6:30 p. m. and by Bodaglio over the radio in Rome at 7:45 p. m. The German commander in Italy, Gen. Albert Kesselring, ordered German troops to occupy Italy. Some Italian troops were disarmed and interned. Some Italian troops attacked German troops. Some Italians surrendered or went over to the Allies. Others remained with the Germans. Badoglio and the king fled with the government to Brindisi on the Adriatic in the south. On to Italy** British Pathé Gazette Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbtCQoCC8co *Italy Surrenders* 9 September 1943 Newsreels Americans occupy the Straights of Messina; assault on Italy begins; Italians revolt against Mussolini; Eisenhower and Cunningham; Italians request armistice; FDR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnI_jBIDbKs *Italy Surrenders* *United News* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1du5bgP_GJE *Italy Capitulation* British Pathé FDR and Churchill in Quebec; Eisenhower's announcement of armistice with Italy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB_QPW2nNQM *Italian Fleet Surrenders* *British Pathe* Malta 1943 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZp28mZxlGE New York Times, 9 September 1943 *Invasion of Italy* Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iRuxW5NOCc&feature=related *The Battle for Italy* *Episode from the Battlefield* series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLd4REpB24s The Italian Campaign** Documentary from the series Lost Evidence (5 clips) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBNBaUHaD1A 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsKpz6hcLeE&feature=relmfu 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMPbfWg5mKg&feature=relmfu 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wq1tJAQBGeY&feature=relmfu 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TMM-LpEokY&feature=relmfu Allied troop movements northward in southern Italy. *The Battle for Italy* Episode from the Battlefield series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLd4REpB24s Naples - Salerno BATTLE OF SALERNO *Documentary from the US Army's Big Picture* series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndy8Q4bQ4ks German Invasion of Italy September 1943 Die Deutsche Wochenshau 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgRCO_v22ds 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYlrdQC_1fA ---------------------- Secrets of the Third Reich Deadly Missions The rescue of Mussolini by Otto Skorzeny 12 September 1943 This documentary film includes four stories. The rescue of Mussolini is recounted in the first story. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPwnzzsm4Bo The rescue of the wife and family of Mussolini Mark Felton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpyFza_GWEE Arrival of Mussolini after his Liberation 10 October 1943 German Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAWEoe1SwLs The Adventures Of Otto Skorzeny History s Raiders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfNgynKkijs Germans rescue Mussolini 12 September 1943 Mussolini was imprisoned in a hotel at a ski resort in the Apennine Mountains. Hitler ordered Mussolini's rescue by German soldiers. German commandoes rescued Mussolini and he was taken to Vienna on 12 September. Germans commandos lead Mussolini out from his hotel. Mussolini boards a plane out. Mussolini Rescued by Skorzeny https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iYCKQ72_wY Otto Skorzeny Interview about the rescue of Mussolini https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugu4fbbBors Interrogation of Otto Skorzeny Salzburg, Austria 2 Aug 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNdsxRuL5BQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-sKBR5kS10 Otto Skorzeny** Episode from the documentary series History's Raiders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpShcr-v17U On 14 September, two days after his rescue from Italy, Mussolini met Hitler at the latter's command post in Prussia. Hitler made Mussolini head of a puppet government, the Italian Social Republic, in territory in northern Italy still controlled by the German army. Mussolini's headquarters were the town of Salo in Lombardy. The Italian Social Republic Proclaimed by Mussolini on 23 September 1943 The government sat in the town of Salo, The Italian Social Republic claimed most of Italy (indicated in dark green on the map above). Following Mussolini's ouster from government and Italy's surrender to the Allies, Hitler created the Italian Social Republic, with its headquarters in Salo in Lombardy (in northern Italy) and Mussolini as its head of state and prime minister. On paper, Mussolini's government governed the areas of Italy defended by the Germans (in dark green in the map above) against the advancing Allies. Mussolini returned to Italy from Germany in September, shortly after his rescue. Anthem of the Italian Social Republic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3TxSngy6oI ------------------ Journal-American (New York), 13 October 1943 Marshal Badoglio broadcast a declaration of war against Germany at 3:00 p. m. on 13 October 1943. BBC: Two hours ago Italy declared war on Germany. A proclamation by Marshal Badoglio brands the Germans with savagery against the civil population and says there can be no peace while a single German remains on Italian soil. Italy's new step has been acknowledged in London, Washington and Moscow. Her status will be that of a co-belligerent and not an ally. ------------------------ Corsica Free French Forces recover Corsica from the Axis April to October 1943 Immediately after the Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942, Germany occupied the unoccupied zone of France. On 11 November Italy sent troops to occupy Corsica. Occupation of Corsica Italian newsreel 1942 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMJ-hBIWjvo *Con le truppe Italiane in Corsica* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4oFwkjet3g Many Italians wanted to annex Corsica to Italy. *Visioni della Corsica* June 4, 1943 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ll4C3jsyFMc Resistance to the Italian occupation was led by representatives of De Gaulle and by the communists. The communists were more numerous and stronger. In April 1943, some resistance groups received arms. Following the invasion of Sicily by the Allies, the Italians imprisoned Mussolini in July 1943 and the Germans sent 12,000 troops to Corsica. When Italy surrendered to the Allies on 3 September, the Germans occupied Corsica. The resistance launched attacks against the Germans. Some Italians joined the Germans and others sided with French resistance groups against the Germans. *La Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale* Paul Silvani, journaliste *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnyTtKbfwFk* Free French Forces, commanded by General Henri Giraud, landed in Corsica. Giraud received the cooperation of the communist partisans. The Germans left Corsica, a department of France, by October 4. Corsica was the first part of France recovered in the war. *Corsica - First Pictures* *British* *Pathé* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXDUsS8aQ6Q *Octobre 1943 : la Corse est officiellement libérée* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x15kzaa6gB0 *De Gaulle in Corsica* *British Pathe* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUY56aLA7Ro *Corsica Cleared* *Movietone News* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mocazoATOI *Corsica* *French Press* In English (9:05) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1qb4urC2QE Recap https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyDTUbFFiVE Recap https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flY7YoMD4uA ------------------ Giraud and De Gaulle Giraud was considered the more experienced soldier and military commander but by late 1943, he was sidelined by De Gaulle, who became the sole leader of Free French Forces. This was accomplished by a political maneuver. On 3 June 1943, De Gaulle and Giraud formed the Comité français de la Libération Nationale (CFLN), with each as co-president. Giraud commanded the Free French Forces. De Gaulle faulted Giraud for liberating Corsica on his own, without informing the committee, in October, and the committee removed Giraud from his co-presidency on 9 November. For operating his own intelligence service, De Gaulle persuaded the CFLN to abolish Giraud's post as commander of Free French Forces on 4 April 1944. Giraud retired from the army. The CFLN became the provisional government of France. -------------------- East Front The Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. The Germans reached Leningrad in September 1941 and placed the city under siege. The Germans reached the gates of Moscow. Then they were pushed back by the Soviets in December 1941. The Germans took Stalingrad in mid-1942. They were pushed back by the Soviets in January 1943. From Kursk in August 1943, the Soviets drove the Germans back and westward across a broad front all the way into Germany, Austria and the Balkans by April and May 1945. From Kursk in August 1943, the Soviets drove the Germans across a broad front to the west back into Germany, Austria and the Balkans by April and May 1945. *Eastern Front Animated 1943 - 1944* By Eastory Animated map 1943 - May 1944 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VA9QBHDtfCQ *The Soviet Steamroller* Episode 8 of 12 of the BBC documentary series World War II in Colour https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXnS9LlczOs (50:46) or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKwUHiMaDSE (51:27) or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXRhmE7seBs (44:44) *The Liberation of Ukraine* Episode from the documentary series Soviet Storm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lTiJ4BLLNQ Kiev liberated Soviets liberate Kiev December 1943 Battle of Kiev October - December 1943 *map goes here* *The Liberation of Kiev from Nazi Rule* 1944 British newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1P167ZB-Ccs *Hollywood in the war* *Mission to Moscow* 1943 Hollywood movie based on the experiences of the American ambassador to the Soviet Union during his 19-month tour from November 1936 to June 1938. Preview: https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x22vkw4 The movie: 1 hr. 58 min. https://vimeo.com/113023582 or in three clips: 1. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2gi341 2. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2gkjj6 3. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2gl5wx With narration in Russian (2 hrs. 3 min.): https://ok.ru/video/204558567967 *The North Star* 1943 Hollywood movie about German-occupied Ukraine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPqmtYjuG08 (1:45:19) or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0v1E9LV9as (1:45:35) *Education for Death* 1943 Walt Disney cartoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l14WDZCnz-w Der Fuhrer's Face 1943 Walt Disney cartoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHL-sPV01q4 Daffy the Commando 1942 Warner Brothers cartoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-hA4CcW_EU Falling Hare Warner Brothers cartoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQff4GpvM4w -------------- When Marshall Badoglio formed the new Italian government in July 1943, he ousted Mussolini's son-in-law, Count Ciano. Fearing arrest, Ciano fled to Germany. The Germans turned Ciano over to Mussolini, who headed his government, the Italian Social Republic, headquartered in Salo. Mussolini had Ciano and five others who had voted for his ouster in July 1943 tried for treason in Verona. Four, including Ciano, were convicted, sentenced to death and executed by a firing squad in Verona on 11 January 1944. *Mussolini et la République de Salò* *Au cœur de l'histoire* Franck Ferrand avec Max Gallo 27 janvier 2002 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDldajIiFA0 Above, left: Gian Galeazzo Ciano, Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (1903 – 11 January 1944); centre: Mussolini's daughter and wife of Ciano, Edda; right; Ciano's execution. *Il processo di Verona* Un film del 1962 1. (55:49) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rc_e4aeCQg 2. (57:29) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwYLOriQFnU -------------- Monte Cassino 17 January - 18 May 1944 The Abbey of Monte Cassino today, rebuilt by 1964. The town of Cassino is at the bottom of the photo; the abbey of Monte Cassino is at the top of the photo; Castle Hill, between the town and the abbey, is bombed by Allied artillery on 6 February 1944. B-17 bombs the abbey of Monte Cassino on 15 February 1944 The abbey of Monte Cassino under Allied aerial bombardment on 15 February 1944. The Abbey of Monte Cassino after bombardment The Rule of Saint Benedict of Nursia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jc4t0zLuElE Film Footage of the Bombing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyJxyOhzwZ0 *Monte Cassino - The Bombing* British Movietone newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYIK7XMUFTI *Cassino Monastery Bombed* British Pathé newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8afP6GetP8 Shelling of Monte Cassino British Pathé newsreel film footage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g8jci-s1j8 Assault On Monte Cassino British Pathé newsreel film footage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtWzf08gv7s U.S. planes bomb Monte Cassino Film footage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRh1-a4vyx8 *Battle for Cassino* BBC documentary (1969) (59:29) Removed from You Tube *Cassino* *Episode from BBC's Battlefields* series with Richard Holmes Removed from You Tube The Battle for Monte Cassino Episode from the Battlefield series (1:45:33) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtmMrusiywI Coalition Warfare 1944** The Monte Cassino Campaign Lecture by Peter Caddick-Adams (2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oLdd_r_EdM Kiwi Nightmares The Battles of Monte Cassino Documentary (42:44) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwDszQfvEdA *Monte Cassino* Episode from the documentary series The Lost Evidence (50:15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQle00MmWVI Monte Cassino The Soldiers' Story *Episode from the BBC Timeline* documentary series (48:40) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJdvbyB2nvg Line de Tir Monte Cassino 1944 Le Stalingrad des Montages https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pknjGF3nZy8 Les Soldats Marocains Campagne d'Italie Monte Cassino https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DO1me00qRDA ----------- Mount Vesuvius Erupts 17 March 1944 The Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius Castle Films https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZc7Mtid9a4 ----------- The Sign of the Cross 1944 addition of 1932 Hollywood movie Advertisement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXYjgKjZ39g ----------- Anzio 22 January - 5 June 1944 Allies landed in Anzio in January 1944 Beachhead Anzio** 1963 episode from the U. S. Army TV documentary series The Big Picture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHB1ZW3IbFI&feature=relmfu *San Pietro* U. S. War Department documentary (35:13) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pAPOifAaQY Anzio Opération Shingle Janvier 1944 Documentary film dubbed in French (43:09) *Removed from You Tube* German defensive lines German defensive lines Volturno Line - Abandoned in October 1943 Barbara Line - Broken in November 1943 Winter Line - Gustav Line - Adolf Hitler Line - Bernhardt Line - Broken in May 1944 - Monte Cassino Caesar C Line - Broken, abandoned, 30 May 1944 - Rome Rome Switch Line General Henirich Otto von Vietinghoff-Scheel, left, commander of the German 10th Army in Italy, and Feldmarschal Albert Kesselring, commander of Axis forces in Italy, in June 1944. Von Vietinghoff defended the defensive lines against the Allies. -------------------- In April 1944, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy transferred his powers to his son Umberto and retired to private life but retained the crown. Umberto assumed the title of Lieutenant-General of the Realm. Crown Prince Umberto of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, Lieutenant-General of the *Realm, de facto* head of state, in 1944. -------------------- Americans Liberate Rome First Big European City taken by the Allies The Germans retreat from Rome, declare it an open city, and the Americans enter U. S. Gen. Mark Clark enters city US troops and Free French enter Rome from the south June 4, 1944 Gen. Mark W. Clark in Rome on 4 June 1944 U. S. General Mark Clark (front left in jeep) in Rome with his troops. June 4, 1944. Romans greet Clark. American tanks roll past the Colosseum. Gen. Clark leads troops into Rome U. S. General Mark Clark watches celebrations in Rome on 4 June 1944. Liberation of Rome Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nifNeFncKSU The Liberation of Rome June 4, 1944 US War Department documentary (20:50) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrDJK94npDw&feature=relmfu or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc9iCEZeb2M 1st Pictures of Rome's Capture Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl9kRYPAx0k Universal Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqpR7dDs3EI General Mark Clark enters Rome June 4, 1944 United Newsreel Removed from You Tube Silent film footage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR1FQskwREo Entry into Rome Pathé Gazette https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3JAzsFKVf0 Pope Pius XII Address after the liberation of Rome United News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW6C58uAlOM Roman Renaissance Episode 14 of the 1952 Victory At Sea series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_BdQbxUf9w&feature=relmfu The Path to Rome Time to Remember British Pathé 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bK61qpi3Wno 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02qe1fofixQ 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLbhohh42tM 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_5K827cAxM Roosevelt on Rome** British Pathé neswsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIfwLV1nlwA&spfreload=1 World War Two: 1942 and Hitler's Soft Underbelly Documentary with David Reynolds The campaigns in North Africa and Italy (1:29:14) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rj75NlnGXvc Timeline version: Part 1. (44:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK0FNnTX6cI Part 2. (45:56) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xLvx8L_jzM Wings Over Italy Episode 9 of the 1954 BBC documentary series War in the Air https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1EnsJqyW6c The Unholy Battle for Rome Documentary about the fate of Rome's 2000-year-old Jewish community in WW2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWPlVzCw5J8 Allied Military Government on Occupied Territories (AMGOT) and the Mafia The government of Marshal Badoglio, who had been a fascist and the prime minister since 25 July 1943, was replaced by a Labour Democratic Party politician on 18 June 1944. ---------------- The Allied advance north through Italy in 1943 and 1944. The Gothic Line - Broken, end of September 1944 The Apennines and the Po Valley The Po Valley, Winter 1944 - 1945 The Climb to Glory Episode from the documentary series The Big Picture (1963) The Apennines and Po Valley, 1944 - 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03rT6g-kJRU The Battle of Italy The Axis Broken Episode form the documentary series The Big Battles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pPkl5wqJw The Battle of Italy Episode from the documentary series Great Tank Battles Canadians, the Gothic Line, Apennines and the Po Valley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6x_WuRwV18 *The Italian Campaign* *Eoisode 6 of the 1972 documentary series The Years Back* about New Zealanders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLxicsF3XoY La Campaigne d'Italie Les Grandes Batailles Par Daniel Costelle, Jean-Louis Guillaud et Henri de Turenne (1971) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du_Rf-yBOwQ General Alphonse Juin** De de la série Frères d'Armes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNGpdVkuChU ----------------- For editing into the text of this page: After Mount Vesuvius Erupts and before The Sign of the Cross insert the following: The Last Days of Pompeii Hollywood movie 1935 https://ok.ru/video/405254441474 The Sign of the Cross 1932 Hollywood movie 2:05:43 https://archive.org/details/the-sign-of-the-cross 1944 Advertisement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXYjgKjZ39g



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