30. Averting Nuclear War
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--------- George Orwell, 19 October
1945 '
. . . that is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a state
which was at once unconquerable and
in a permanent state of ‘cold war’ with its neighbors. ' . . . If, as seems to be the case, it [the atomic bomb] is a rare and
costly object as difficult to produce as a battleship, it is likelier to put an end to large-scale wars at the cost of prolonging
indefinitely a ‘peace that is no peace’. Excerpts from You and
the Atomic Bomb by George Orwell, an article published in the newspaper Tribune in London, England
on 19 October 1945. George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (1903
- 1950), British journalist and novelist best known for his memoir Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) and
novels Burmese Days (1934), Animal Farm (1945) and 1984 (1949). Numerous different
dates are offered for the beginning and ending of the Cold War. Most claim the
Cold War began in 1945 or 1947 end ended in 1989 or 1991. - Some claim
the Cold War began at the Yalta Conference from 4 - 11 February 1945 as Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin determined the division and occupation of Europe among
the Allies. - Some believe
the Cold War began with the announcement by U. S. President Harry Truman of the 'Truman Doctrine' in
Congress on 12 March 1947. Truman intended to contain Soviet and communist influence within its established
borders and prevent its spread beyond those borders by giving threatened nations military, economic and political assistance.
Ending: -
US President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev declared an end to the Cold War at their summit meeting
in Malta on 3 December 1989. - The withdrawal
of central Soviet authority in eastern European satellite states from 1989 to 1991. ------ Comrades Episode 1 from the 24-part
1998 documentary series Cold War narrated by Kenneth Branagh Brief description of
Soviet Winston Churchill in
Fulton, Missouri in March 1946 The Arms Race The Americans and Soviets race to build more powerful bombs, planes and missiles.
Atomic Power! Short
documentary film on the March of Time series by Time, Life and Fortune
magazines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTJJ7tkD5L4 Post-War American Nuclear Bomb Tests In July 1946, eleven months after the Nagasaki
atomic bomb, the U. S. tested two much more powerful nuclear bombs on Bikini Atoll of the Marshall Islands
in the Pacific. Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands Bikini Atoll The first bomb test, called "Able", was the fourth nuclear
bomb detonation by the U. S. in history. The first was at Alamogordo, New Mexico; the second was in
Hiroshima; and the third was in Nagasaki. The
second test, called "Baker", shortly after the first test, was the fifth nuclear bomb detonation in history.
The two tests were conducted as "Operation Crossroads". "Operation
Crossroads" The "Able" and "Baker" tests 1946 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADD8_2KO5Bk "Able" First
Test Bikini
Atoll 23
kilotons of TNT July 1,
1946 Dropped by B-29 Superfortress Operation Crossroads - Able
test, Bikini Atoll, 1946 Operation Crossroads Atomic bomb test "Able" 1946 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9EdQRFJYJ4 "Baker" Second
Test (Underwater) 23
kilotons of TNT July
25, 1946 Detonated
27 metres underwater Bikini Atoll Atomic Bomb Tests 1946 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDLgNf0XPDk&feature=related First
Pictures Atomic Blast! 1946
newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCoZ2DEK0zY Nuclear Testing Review Nuclear Test Film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mqZwOQTLx4 same as US Nuclear Bomb Test Bikini Atoll
and others https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LS6b2kAk7dI Atomic Explosion The
Story of Five Atomic Bombs The film was prepared
for the Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1948 (?). The film reviews the five atomic bomb explosions
up to that time: 1. Trinity - a test in New Mexico in July 1945 2. and 3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki -
two aerial bomb drops over Japan during WW2 in August 1945 4. and 5. "Able" and "Baker"
- two post-war bomb tests conducted as "Operation Crossroads" in the
Marshall Islands in July 1946 Part 1. (Reels 1 - 6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h17THZq6S0 Part 2. (Reels 7 - 12) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOnA5fAyGPk Part 3. (Reels 13 - 18) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQOHm6akX1A The
Air Force and the Atom Bomb 1946
- 1954 Chapter I of Volume II of the documentary
series The Air Force Story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fsGcZL4nfc
------------------ "The first bikini" Micheline Bernardini, age 19, a dancer at the Casino de Paris, models the "bikini", Paris 5 July 1946. The name "bikini" was given to the swimsuit by its
designer to capitalise on the atom bomb test explosions four days earlier on Bikini Atoll in the Marshall
Islands. The name stuck. With Keith Hughes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU_QQtPRhSU
The Arms Race More Nuclear Tests
Operation
Sandstone 1948 Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands Three
Tests X-Ray -
on Enjebi Island, April 15, 1948 - 37 KT Yoke
- on Aomon Island, May 1, 1948 - 49 KT Zebra
- on Runit Island, May 15, 1948 - 18 KT (local
time) The bombs were placed on a tower and
detonated. Map of Eniwetok Atoll
indicating Sandstone nuclear test sites X-Ray on Enjebi Island, Yoke on Aomon Island, and Zebra on Runit
Island in April and May 1948. Test: X-Ray - 49 KT Operation Sandstone AEC documentary produced by the USAF (20 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8yFbzDnoOY The US Navy's Part in Operation Sandstone AEC
and US Navy documentary produced by the USAF (41:32) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBkNdwd8BDk Operation Sandstone The Air Force Explains its Part USAF documentary
(30:31) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFKNieubZAo Radiological Safety on Operation
Sandstone AEC documentary produced by the USAF (25:51) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jU-caiNCOYw -------- Likiep Atoll, Marshall
Islands The
DeBrum and Cappelle families of Likiep Atoll at home in the summer of 1949. The DeBrums and Cappelles are descendants of Anton
Jose DeBrum (1837 - 1901), a Portuguese harpooner from Pico in the Azores, and Adolph Cappelle (1838 - 1905),
a Protestant lay preacher from northern Germany. DeBrum jumped ship, an American whaler, and settled in the
Marshall islands. DeBrum obtained Likiep Atoll in a trade with Chief Jortoka, chief of the Ratak Islands,
in 1877, and transferred the deed to Cappelle & Co., in
which he was a partner with Adolph Cappelle. Likiep was a cocoanut plantation with a prosperous trade in
copra. Cappelle bought Bikini Atoll, in 1875, but found it unsuitable for planting. The Cappelles and
DeBrums have been prominent in business and the government of the Marshall Islands. Pacific
Island Documentary
about the Marshall Island of Likiep (1949) (17:38) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dzCN9RyAXc or (17:02) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VT01nAljVrQ
The first Deutsch Mark, introduced by the Germans in
West Berlin in 1948, was not withdrawn by the western Allies. The Soviets answered with a blockade of West Berlin.
(17:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEVcnhkDQXc (17:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJbAWnU9UM4 (17:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tctk8QwIjF8 (14:36)
1949 - One year, Two Germanies
The
Arms Race
First Soviet Atom Bomb Soviets test their first A-Bomb Semipalatinsk,
Kazakhstan, USSR The Democrat, Davenport, Iowa, September 25, 1949 Первая молния
(First Lightning) Soviet Union's first nuclear bomb test -RIA Novosti 100829 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tu36SD7CBz0 Testing
the first Soviet A-bomb 1949
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDazPvvmmeA First Soviet Atomic Bomb August 29,1949 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aF6DhuFMtZ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMH8Ayrz4R4 USSR conducts its first atomic
bomb test 29th August 1949 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQOZp4ThymU Russian
Atom Blast Shakes UN Assembly 1949 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXwSbkdVQro Soviet atomic
bomb 60 years on From Russia Today https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gAX1_k5oUg How
the Soviets got the A-bomb Super Spy 2007 BBC dramarization about the Soviet spy Klaus
Fuchs from the Nuclear Secrets documentary series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5HYrlq6oj0&feature=relmfu Julius
and Ethel Rosenberg, Convicted of Spying, Sentenced to Death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B33oE73tPUo&feature=related https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q93MkBSboHI&feature=related https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THdJvWJ4lYc&feature=related Secrets, Lies & Atomic Spies The spies who got away 2002
Nova documentary describes the case of Theodore Hall
(54:20)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pemi4czshWc or (54:17) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXiinsAYfQg Spies
1944
- 1994 Episode from the 1998
documentary series Cold War narrated by Kenneth Branagh Includes an interview
with Theodore Hall in which
he acknowledges giving nuclear secrets to the Soviets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RT2hAvfegvA Bombshell The Secret Story of America's Unknown Atomic Spy Conspiracy Interview with authors in 1997 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmlevhS24nw The Red Bomb Three-part 1994 documentary 1. Stolen Secrets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3gpM9UnV_w 2. End of Innocence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI-nAwGS26U 3. N. A. New Sources: Early Cold War Soviet
Espionage Records Making New Sources Accessible Early Cold War Soviet espionage
records Lecture
by John E. Haynes, specialist in 20th century political history, Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress (LOC), and
author of books on American Communist and anti-Communist movements and Soviet espionage in America September
30, 2010 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPUKu3jhtyo
Lecture
by John E. Haynes at the LOC (uploaded on You Tube by the LOC in 2010) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uBDddWBSdw The
Red Scare 1949 Hollywood
movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KWHDNPdoCg Communism 1952 American
anti-communist propaganda film produced by Coronet Instructional Films (10:41)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4yjAb6eoCw The
Big Lie US Army anti-communist propaganda film (ca. 1950/1951) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaNTAUc-3tk Reds
1948 - 1953 Episode 6 of 24 of the documentary
series Cold War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0U-b1TNf1Q
------------------
Hawaii Calls Pan American World Airways poster Diamond Head and Waikiki Beach, Honolulu.
Diamond Head, Kuhio
Beach, Honolulu 1949. Hawaii Calls, Radio Show, Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, New Year's Eve, 1949
https://www.angelfire.com/ky2/cumberlandgapbc/491229HawaiiCalls.mp3 or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGF3jBnjmzM Alfred Apaka https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXy4vDuZ6uw Mapuana https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAe3HlIrQd4 Beyond the Reef https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkI-AtjRTnY Na Molokama Moon
of Manakoora https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQ2AM-A8VKw The
Royal Hawaiian Serenaders Strum
Your Guitar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPkamKszdGE Blue
Lei https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rm7mtwe3p2I --------------
More American
A-Bomb Tests Atomic Weapons Tests: Trinity (1945) through Buster Jangle (1952) Dep.'t. of Defense (DOD) 1946 Crossroads 2 shots 46 kt Bikini Atoll, Pacific 1948 Sandstone 3 shots 104 kt Enewetok Atoll, Pacific 1951 Ranger 5 shots 40 kt First tests at Frenchman Flat,
the Nevada Test Site 1951 Greenhouse 4 shots 398.5 kt Enewetok Atoll, Pacific
1951 Buster-Jangle 7 shots 71.9 kt Frenchman Flat, Nevada
Test Site (2 clips) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SrEQzBnMxk 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9J0RgrRXus&feature=relmfu Nevada
Test Site Test Shot Dog of Operation Buster-Jangle at Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site, 65 miles northwest
of Las Vegas, on 1 November 1951. Troops were deployed six mlles from the explosion in the first field exercise with troops. The Wild West is where I wanna
be Song
by Tom Lehrer (1960)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LuXCkibX-k ------------------- China's
Civil War April 1927 - May 1950 Generalissimo
Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Nationalists and president of China (Republic of China) left, and Mao Tse-tung, leader of the
Communists, right Chiang
Kai-shek and the Nationalists
against
Mao Tse-tung
and the Communists
Chiang Kai-shek, president of the Republic of China and leader of the Nationalists,
left, and Mao Tse-tung, leader of the Communists, right, in Chungking on 27 September 1945. Chungking
was the capital of China from 1938 to 1946. Chiang and
Mao met in late August 1945, after the Japanese surrender. Mao
was accompanied from his headquarters in Yan'an by the American ambassador. Chiang
and Mao met at the request of the American president Harry Truman to discuss forming a coalition government
of Nationalists and Communists. Truman wanted
to prevent a resumption of the Chinese Civil War of 1927 - 1936 and hoped Nationalists and the Communists could
form a united government, as they had from 1923 to 1927. The meeting
lasted seven weeks. Peace
between Chiang and Mao lasted six months. China at the
end of the Second World War in September/October 1945 Areas occupied
by Japanese forces Areas held
by Chinese Communists The capital of
China (Republic of China) was in Nanking (Nanjing) from 1927 to 1937. The Japanese
invaded China in 1937. The capital of China was moved to Chungking in western China on 21 November 1937 for the
duration of the Sino-Japanese War (1937 - 1945) and the Second World War in the Pacific (1941 - 1945). The capital
of China was moved back to Nanking (Nanjing) on 5 March 1946.
Map shows the gradual extension of Communist control
of China from 1946 to 1950 and the area left to the Nationalists (Republic of China/Kuo
Min Tang) under Chiang Kai-shek in 1950. The Nationalists retained only the island of Formosa
(Taiwan) by 1950. Map shows the retreat of the Nationalists in 1949 The capital of China was Nanking (Nanjing)
since 5 March 1946. The Nationalists withdrew from Nanking (Nanjing) and moved the capital to Canton (Guangzhou) on 23 April
1949. They withdrew from Canton and moved the capital to Chungking on 14 October. They moved the capital to Chengdu on 30
November. They established the Republic of China capital in the city of Taipei on the island of
Formosa (Taiwan) on 10 December. They withdrew from Chengdu on 17 December. Sichang (Xichang) was the capital of the Republic
of China on the mainland from 27 December 1949 to 27 March 1950. The Communists proclaimed the Peoples' Republic
of China, with its capital in Peking (Beijing), on 1 October 1949. Peking (Beijing)
was the capital of the Ching (Manchu) Dynasty from 1644 to 1912. Chinese
Civil War 1927 - 1950 Feature History
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJr3KVM3lBo Assignment
China: The Chinese Civil War Interviews with American correspondents in China
in the late 1940s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jfhjq8oBBCQ The
Age of Warlords China in WW1 A talk from the series The Great War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TofCRaOBWZ0
China A Century of Revolution
1911
- 1997 Three-Part
1999 PBS-TV documentary
Part 1. China in Revolution 1911 - 1949 1. Battle for Survival 1911 - 1936 2. Fighting for the Future 1936 - 1949 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5cl0GjPjy4
Part 2. The Mao Years
1949 - 1976 1. Catch the Stars and Moon
1949 - 1960 2. It's Right to Rebel!
1960 - 1976
3. Born Under
the Red Flag 1976 – 1994 1. Surviving Mao 2. The New Generation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZLYKnQ8c4Q The East is Red Communists
take over China The decades-old war between Chiang Kai-Shek's
Nationalists (Kuo Min Tang) and Mao Tse-Tung's Communists ends with the Communist takeover of China and a Nationalist redoubt in Formosa (Taiwan),
1949 - 1950) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ-PbppXLic
Mao Tse-Tung proclaims the People's Republic of China in Peking's Tiananmen Square on 1 October 1949 Mao Tse-Tung (1949) Mao Tse-Tung Biography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7fNmTvFPRY Or in
4 clips: 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02SHeHR3zOg 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye75-_gnEeM 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oUcsLpjVBM 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZylWCetqIno One Man's Revolution Episode from the BBC documentary series Twenthieth Century History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfJy_wduFy4 Mao
A Life Philip Short,
author, interveiwed by Brian Lamb (2000) (56:38) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ7cZtNBvDA Mao
Long March
to Power Episode from the documentary
series Portraits of Power - Those
Who Shaped the Twentieth Century New York Times
journalists https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGf1xn6WL8Q Mao
in Colour A Study of
Tryanny Documentary (2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwtwZYDooY8 The Adventures
of Captain John Birch Madam Chiang
Kai Shek China News Newsreel Soong Mei-ling interviewed in New York in 1950 Dean Acheson statement in 1950 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7RxOINhEmI Takes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N6cRJ8SDjY
Animated map shows the spread
of Communist control from 1946 to 1950. The PRC invaded Tibet on 7 October 1950.
The Dalai Lama and his family
headed for Indian border. The route of the Dalai Lama from the capital
of Lhasa to Yartung on the Indian border in December 1950. LIFE Magazine, April 23, 1951 Photo
by Heinrich Harrer In late 1951, Chinese troops entered
Lhasa.
The Dalai Lama in 1951
----------------- War or Peace? 1950 Fateful Year Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWe1c58cR94 Meeting the Red Challenge June - August 1950 Chapter II of Volume II of the 1959 documentary series The
Air Force Story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-b1LpbLJCY The Inchon
Landing 15 September 1950 Gen. Douglas MacArthur,
Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command (UNCOM), planner of the Inchon landing, on board the U. S. S. Mount
McKinley, supervising the operation on 15 September 1950. Operation Inchon U. S. Army documentary (18:50)
(1951) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-65enc17-rA or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjzul4-_Zec The Battle of Inchon
and the Liberation of Seoul Episode from the documentary series Combat Zone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mj-Mkh0TxUA On
to Yalu 1950 Chapter III of Volume II of the documentary series The
Air Force Story https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTRsVAVYqIc The Chinese Reds Attack
in Korea Episode 25 of the documentary
series Crusade in the Pacific (1951) (26:49) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4R36cisqrg Korea The Final Phase Vol. II, Chapter IV US troops reach the Yalu; Chinese invade Korea (1959) 13:27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LK5PQEosVI or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOS9Br61ZUg 13:27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdhQV3idXDs 13:43 General MacArthur's Dismissal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3aCIfVhW7w&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTpLQrV7LZE&feature=related The Korean War: A History 2011 Discussion with Bruce
Cumings about his book on the Korean War 2 parts, 2 hours Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ba3dgDUtE9A Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KCBH2QVLok&feature=relmfu -----------
The First Miss
World 1951 London,
England 29 July 1951 French newsreel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AodAWWzp26g Sixteen contestants
- eleven from Great Britain, one from the U. S., one from Holland, one from Denmark, one from
Sweden and one from France. The girl from Sweden
won. Miss Sweden, Kerstin Håkansson (Kiki), age 22, of Stockholm. Churchill Prime Minister Again
26 0ctober 1951
Conservatives win elections in Britain
Winston Churchill
is prime minister again, at age 77 (1951 - 1955). Labour won more votes but Conservatives
won more seats in Parliament.
Britain
Decides Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1415icoA2U Churchill's
Forgotten Years Walcott lands a hard left to the head in the first round.
Jersey Joe Walcott champion
1952 Swiss
expedition camp on the Khumbu Icefall, Nepal. The British
led expeditions to Mount Everest in 1921, 1922, 1924, 1933, 1935, 1936 and 1938. The expeditions
approached Everest from the north, in Tibet. Attempts
to reach the summit were made in 1922, 1924, 1933, 1936 and 1938. Further
British expedition plans were cancelled by the Second World War. The British
quit India in 1947. There were no responses from Tibet. The Chinese
communists gradually took over China from 1946 to 1950. The Chinese
Invaded Tibet in 1950 and 1951 and closed Tibet to foreigners. Nepal opened
to foreigners in the late 1940s. Tenzing
Norgay, a Nepalese Sherpa from Darjeeling, was a high altitude porter with the three British expeditions to Everest in Tibet
in 1935, 1936 and 1938. In 1952,
the first expedition to Mount Everest to attempt the summit since the 1938 British expedition was made by the Swiss climbers,
all from Geneva, climbing from the south side of the mountain, in Nepal. The Swiss
led two expeditions in 1952. On the first
expedition, two climbers, Tenzing Norgay and Raymond Lambert, made an attempt to reach the summit. They climbed higher
and closer to the peak than anyone before. They
came to within 250 metres (800 feet) of the summit before conditions forced them back. The path
they made up the mountain toward the summit served later expeditions. Tenzing Norgay, second from left, with
members of the second Swiss Everest expedition in 1952. On the second
Swiss expedition, later in the year, after the monsoons, Lambert, Tenzing and other climbers were turned back again. c. 1936/7 c. 1937/8/9 c.
1944/5 1952 1952 Photo taken in Nice in 1952. 1952 photo taken in the Mediterranean
of Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot, born in Paris on 28 September 1934. 1952 photo in the Mediterranean. Brigitte Bardot Poster for the French
film Manina, la fille sans voiles, released in 1952, starring Brigitte Bardot, age 17. The film was released in the U. S. six years later, in 1958, as Manina,
the Girl in the Bikini. Wedding, Paris, December 1952
------------------ Manina, la fille sans voiles
CINERAMA
------------------------ Hydrogen Bomb
The H-Bomb
November 1, 1952 Eniwetok (Enewetok) Atoll, Marshall Islands
U. S. tests first Hydrogen Bomb, "Ivy-Mike", Enewetok,
November 1, 1952
Marshall islands
[in singular
Nuclear Fusion
Discussion on the BBC weekly Thursday
radio programme In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg and his guests
30 October 2014
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04mgtdq
Race for the Super Bomb
Documentary from the PBS American Experience
series
This is the complete documentary but in
an upload of very poor quality:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrOVVtlDhyI See the same documentary,
but without the introduction, in a better upload: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hY8Y011kqXQ The documentary in 8 clips:
----------- Edward
Teller
Father
of the H-Bomb
Edward Teller (centre)
Edward
Teller
Episode from
the Real History series
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJZDgFN8-G4
Edward Teller recalls
start of hydrogen bomb lab at Los Alamos during WW2
Excerpts from interview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9hvJiQqkGc&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03FUd6lLYD0
Edward Teller and other Martians of Science Lecture by Isfvan Hargitai about five Hungarian scientists who
left Europe for the US before WW2 and influenced the US conduct of the war
and the subsequent Cold War - physicists Edward
Teller, Leo Szilard and Eugene P. Wigner; mathematician John von Neumann; and aerodynamicist Theodor van Kármán. Uploaded by the NIST in 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_oGLN0p3Gc
--------------
Enewetok Atoll
First
U. S. Hydrogen Bomb Test
Operation Ivy, Enewetok
Atoll, Marshall Islands, November 1952
Film describes the two bomb tests
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=be24Ft4kIa0
Ivy-Mike
First
test
10.4 - 12 megatons of TNT
November
1, 1952
Nuclear Bomb
First H-Bomb test
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNcQX033V_M
IVY-MIKE
FIRST HYDROGEN BOMB TEST
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7vyKDcSTaE&feature=related
Ivy-King
Second
test
500 kilotons of TNT
November
16, 1952
Atomic Bomb "Ivy
King"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNx67QjUHxU
---------
Nuclear
101
How
Nuclear Bombs Work
Two lectures at Harvard U., 2013
Part 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVhQOhxb1Mc
Part 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnW7DxsJth0
Dark Sun
The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb
Advertisement for a book by Richard Rhodes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsvh8SS_aEA
--------- I Like
Ike
General Dwight David Eisenhower is nominated presidential
candidate by the Repulican Party at the Republican convention in the summer of 1952.
Campaign button Eisenhower on
campaign. Eisenhower insisted Dick Merrill be his pilot for the campaign. The Des Moines
Register, November 1952 President-elect Eisenhower,
left, samples army chow on a visit to Korea, November 29, 1952 Eisenhower in
Korea Universal Newsreel November 1952 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ2dPOUnY4k and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqIP78qYFzg Eisenhower Inaugurated
Universal International
Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgY3Br48Bos Eisenhower President British Pathe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTHWqxssdkY Harry and Ike Interview of author Steve
Neal by Brian Lamb (2001) (56:25) C-SPAN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ixQKjQsvV8 Harry S. Truman Episode from the documentary
series Famous Americans of the Twentieth Century (54 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fACk8ILvAVc Truman ---------------------------------- New York Times New
Leadership Red Square https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMrXLnzmfOQ
The
Conquest of Everest 29 May 1953
Tenzing Norgay
(or Norkay), Nepalese climber, on the summit of Mount Everest in the late morning of 29 May 1953, photographed by his climbing
partner, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand Aerial view of the south side of Mount Everest, from Nepal. View from the south side (or Nepalese side) of Mount Everest, or Chomolungma (Tibetan), or Sagarmatha
(Nepali). Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on Mount Everest. The summit is the taller peak
on the left. Hillary
and Tenzing climbed to the summit from the Nepalese side of the mountain. Route
of Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay to the summit of Mount Everest (Nepalese/South side)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7oHpdYSAv4
New York Times
The Race for Everest
Tribute to Edmund Hillary BBC documentary film recounts the 1953 expedition (58:55) Or in 6
clips: 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJ0z9IIuU_c 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DffWhkjyV38 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYBUgnWogzE 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIqQa80aTuo 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOVxbrYopwM 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1CVh_XA_sE Sir Edmund
Hillary of New Zealand (1919 - 2008)
Everest and After BBC documentary (58:21)
or French version (44:03) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBgV-0zUVws
The War in Korea The Battles of
March and July 1953
In the above photo,
taken on 27 July, American and Chinese generals exchange credentials at the opening session of the Military Armistice
Commission in the Panmunjom Conference House. During the three-year-war, 36,574 Americans died and more
than 7,800 disappeared.
Map of the "Kansas Line"
along the 38th Parallel, where the two sides faced each other at the time of the truce in 1953. This line divides North
and South Korea. Kim Philby and Korea A
British spy for the Soviets, Kim Philby was posted to the British embassy in the U. S. He monitored secret messages
from American headquarters in Tokyo about UN troop plans
in Korea and betrayed them to the Soviets who passed them on to the Chinese. Two documentaries
about Philby do not mention the above. Double Agent Kim Philby https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6GPRKAotV0 Philby the Master Spy A
Soviet triple-agent's top secret story Russia
Today documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqJsunCv8bw Philby's
Choice Russia
Today documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-SnKzglU7g
L'affaire
Philby Alain Decaux
raconte le 9 janvier 1975 (1:01:34) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTx6GuqxIrM The
Extraordinary Stories of a KGB Double Agent An Intriguing Account of Espionage Interview with
Anthony Cave Brown in 1995 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShwR-TsnW0U The
Cambridge Five Episode from the documentary series
Secrets of War narrated by Charlton Heston https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFMpC6O0UeQ -------------- Stalin's
Decision for War in Korea Lecture on the origins of the Korean War Samuel Wells Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars Washington, D. C. Uploaded
in 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHLXSn5YQoM
-----------------
----------------
-----------------------
Marilyn Monroe visits Korea
1954
While on her honeymoon in Japan, Hollywood movie star Marilyn Monroe vists American troops stationed in South Korea in February 1954
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asFNaGJi-tk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDA0084gZWc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cL-5QJ7ZuNk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OoTnomfz7OY
------------------------------
Most Powerful U. S. Bomb Ever
March 1, 1954
Castle-Bravo, most powerful US explosion, 1954
Operation Castle
Six tests on Bikini and Enewetok Atolls
March 1 - May 14, 1954
First five tests on Bikini; last test on Enewetok
Operation Castle
1954
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfbHwj71k48&feature=related
Military Effects Studies on Operation Castle
1954 U. S. Atomic Bomb Tests
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ti9xmuW6QiM&list=LPRdC4rNEhmGw&index=7&feature=plcp
Castle Bravo
15,000 kilotons (15 megatons) of TNT
Most powerful bomb ever exploded by the U. S.
Bikini Atoll, March 1, 1954
Bomb accidentally 2.5 times more powerful than expected; caused harmful radioactive fall-out over islanders and servicemen
Castle Bravo Thermonuclear Device
15 Megatons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=iLNPEry7B_o&feature=endscreen
Deadly Miscalculation at Castle Bravo
Blogger's brief description
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kT59uo3kz98&feature=related
-----------------
Second thoughts
Super Bomb
Episode 3 of 5 of the 2007 BBC documentary and reenactment series Nuclear Secrets (Spies, Lies and the Superbomb)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giK5tt7RLjg
The Trials of J. Robert Oppenheimer
Episode from the 2009 PBS documentary series American Experience
The original video is 1 hr. 51 min. long
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8S4dqNXkuoo (1:49:23)
Oppenheimer
7-part 1980 biographical drama about the American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer ("Father of the Atom Bomb")
Sam Waterston portrays Oppenheimer
Last two episodes cover the post-war period from 1949 to the withdrawal of Oppenheimer's security clearance by the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1954.
6. 1949
7. 1953 – 1954
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0dfw_uPlQo
---------------------------
A-bomb, H-bomb, long-range bombers, nuclear submarines and Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)
Atomic Bomber
Convair NB-36H with nuclear reactor testbed
Convair NB-36H airplane with atomic reactor on board, on August 6, 1956. Flew from September 1955 to March 1957.
Project cancelled in March 1961
Soviet atomic-powered plane
1961 - 1969
The Tupolev Tu-95LAL, a modified Tupolev Tu-95 bomber, flew from 1961 to 1965
The Atomic Bomber
Episode from the documentary series Planes that Never Flew (2003) (49:56)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KChXO-MiWMk
Or in 5 clips:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S86zRMehs-A
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m614VDfJ9oU&feature=relmfu
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsCw0s0BJKY&feature=relmfu
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZ-kkogj9Ro&feature=relmfu
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cnFtYuqXX8&feature=relmfu
---------
Atomic Cannon
280-mm Gun
Nevada Proving Ground (1953)
The 280 mm Gun at the Nevada Proving Ground
U. S. Air Force film (1953) (10:35)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zo8n8M5e5q0&feature=related
or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lXllpsFX-4
The 280 mm Gun
Documentary film demonstrates use (07:00)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZ1Oi15044c
Operations Upshot and Knothole
Documentary (1953) (53:11)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J-Tl4Lk8uA
The Atomic BattlefieldTactical Nuclear WarfareEpisode from the US Army documentary series The Big Picture (1957) (28:35)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gr4o6CAeU1k |
||||
|
BMEWS coverage (red), PAVE PAWS coverage (blue) |
 |
Story of BMEWS Missile and bomber radar systems
Height of the Cold War
Description of BMEWS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpWW6KzCu70
-------------------------------
PAVE PAWS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuJTWM69ZqI
--------
Satellites
Missile Defense Alarm System (MiDAS) (1960 - 1966)
Defense Support Program (DSP) (1970 - )
Defense Support Program - Wiki Article
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N258kvmvAjA
--------------
We'll all go together
Tom Lehrer
Exploding
nuclear bombs in outer space Operation Argus
Project Argus
1958
South
Atlantic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-A1wQ_qo2c
Operation
Argus
1958
Atmospheric
Nuclear Tests
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUM3PDVnk7M
-------------------------------
Atmospheric
Testing
-------------
Henry Kissinger
on limiting war
Interview with Mike Wallace July 12, 1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SJikzUwwOY .
-----------------
TCHAIKOVSKY
Liberace
Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No 1 in B flat minor
1955
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_rOdGfdaOs
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Waltz of the Flowers (1892)
The Nutcracker (ballet)
2nd Act
Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra
Jacek Kaspszyk - conductor
Warsaw Philharmonic Concert Hall
16 December 2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0arjSjm8Dgs
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Violin Concerto in D major, Op 35
Itzhak Perlman, violin
Eugene Ormandy conducting the Philadelphia Orchestra
Philadelphia
November 1978
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZMDlUXcw-k&t=10s
Pyotr Tchaikovsky
1812 Overture
Banda Simfònica d'Algemesí
Plaça Major d'Algemesí
Alberto Ferrer i Martínez, Conductor
6 September 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUpuAvQQrC0
FIRST INTERNATIONAL TCHAIKOVSKY COMPETITION
MOSCOW
1958
The International Tchaikovsky Competition is held in Moscow every four years.
The event is financed by the Russian government.
Van Cliburn and the Moscow Symphony Orchestra
Moscow
1958
Tchaikovski, Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-Flat Minor, Op. 23
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9aKbfnMSrY
Rachmaninoff Concerto No. 3 in D Minor, Opus 30
Moscow
1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2MNHiyePtA
also
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2MNHiyePtA&t=12s
Van Cliburn
Winner of the first International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow
April 1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpScY1mFziI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4Z1e6HWV3Y
Moscow Nights
Van Cliburn
Moscow, 1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkxSgmoqpTs
Van Cliburn
Returns home from Russian Tour
Welcome in New York City
British Pathé
1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K2Xc_x9Bxk
Van Cliburn in Moscow
British Pathé
1960
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUioNeJiv-o
Van Cliburn in Moscow
1962
Franz Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody No. 12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWDpt5iF3Y8
----------------
The Bridge on the River Kwai
--------------------------
The best film of 1958!
One of best films of the century!
British-American movie filmed in Ceylon
in 1956 and released in
October 1957 in Britain and December 1957 in the U. S.
William
Holden as Commander Shears
Jack
Hawkins as Major Warden
Alec
Guinness as Lieutenant Colonel Nicholson
Sessue Hayakawa as Colonel Saito The bridge destroyed.The entire movie (2:41:29):
Or in two parts:
Pierre Boulle
The film grossed more than any other film in 1958.
The film won seven 1958 Academy awards:
Best Picture - Sam Spiegel
Best Director - David Lean
Best Actor - Alec Guinness
Best Adapted Screenplay - Pierre Boulle
Best Musical Score - Malcolm Arnold
Best Cinematography - Jack Hildyard
Best Film Editing - Peter Taylor
Sessue Hayakawa was nominated for Best Supporting Actor
In Britain the film won the Best Picture award
and Alec Guinness won the Best Actor award. Guinness received
his Oscar in Britain.
The movie dubbed in French (2:35:29)
Colonel Bogey's March
Composed in 1916
On Seeing Film
A film short with William Holden
The Making of The Bridge on the River Kwai
Documentary
4 clips
Bridge on the River Kwai Suite
Malcolm Arnold (1958)
--------------------
Claire Lee Chennault
Dies in July 1958
Funeral
Arlington
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9_pfTfCGKo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Dfw5W-6SyY
-------------------
South Pacific
Rogers & Hammerstein
1958
Preview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSuPYEdeLPI
Younger than Springtime
John Kerr and France Nuyen
John Kerr dubbed by Bill Lee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzYCyLywywA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45b3rERt_CA
Bali Hai
Juanita Hall
Dubbed by Muriel Smith
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ww7xsdfDvn0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBp8T75YP9Q
Bali Hai
Muriel Smith
1951
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgxbBmw3ty0
Juanita Hall
1952
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLkdkaAHMp8
South Pacific
The Making of South Pacific
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqzSwMTq2jw
Movie Premiere
1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7GO4sbqCX4
South Pacific
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szUbP1noHKE
South Pacific
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChMdEnEXuA8
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm4MtxZSPK0
Oscar Hammerstein
1895 - 1960
Interview with Mike Wallace
15 March 1958
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OO380_kizE
Signs autographs
for fans.-----------------Elvis Presley 
Big
Hits in 1958King Creole Hard
Headed Woman Wear My Ring Around Your NeckDrafted into the Army Memphis,
Tennessee24 March 1958 
Saint Louis Globe-Democrat
Elvis Presley was the most popular singer
in the world. His songs sold millions of records. In late 1957 Presley received a notice from the army. He was to be drafted. 
Draftees are sworn
in at the Draft Board, Memphis, Tennessee, March 24, 1958. Draftees served for two years (24
months) - the usual tour of duty - with the army. Memphis, March 24,
1958Kennedy Veterans Hospital,
Memphis, March 24, 1958 From Memphis, Elvis was sent to Fort
Chaffee, Arkansas for four days. 
Elvis gets a G. I. haircut in Fort
Chaffee, Arkansas, March 25, 1958. Fort Chafee, Arkansas, late
March 1958Elvis in Fort Chaffee on his way to
the bus to Fort Hood, Texas on
March 28 for six months of basic training. On September 21, Elvis was sent on an overseas tour of eighteen months
to Germany. Friedberg, Germany 1958 photo Friedberg, October 3, 1958 Grafenwoehr,
Germany, November 28, 1958 Scout Platoon, Company C,
Third Armored Division
Elvis drove a jeep. Elvis could handle a tank.
Elvis took the option of living off-base
and rented a house in Bad Neuheim. 
Big Hits of 1959
(Now
and Then There's) A Fool Such As I A Big Hunk O' Love
Spain 1958 Jean
Gabin et Brigitte Bardot Brigitte Bardot 1959 1959
'Sex Kitten'
1958With
Jean Gabin in En cas de malheaur (Love is My Profession)
1959
.jpg)
1959
Brigitte Bardot
Paris
1959
Interview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dthQrAvdkvo
Brigitte Bardot Charrier with her son Nicholas
Charrier, born in January 1960. Jacques
Charrier and wife Brigitte with their son Nicholas in January 1960.
Father, mother and son ---------
Jacques
Charrier et Brigitte Bardot à Paris le 6 juin 1959.
1960 May 1960 
